UNIT 1

Alphabet

Grammatica
A1

Learn the English alphabet and practise pronouncing each letter clearly to improve your reading and spelling.

UNIT 1

Alphabet

Grammatica
A1

Learn the English alphabet and practise pronouncing each letter clearly to improve your reading and spelling.

The Alphabet — Let’s Spell! 🔤

A beginner-friendly lesson on the 26 letters of the English alphabet

🎯 Learning Objectives

By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

✔ Recognise and name all 26 letters of the English alphabet.

✔ Understand the difference between vowels and consonants.

✔ Use the alphabet to spell simple words out loud.

📖 Explanation

The English alphabet is the starting point for everything! Every word you read, write, or say is made of letters. Once you know the alphabet, you can start to spell words, look them up in a dictionary, and understand how English works.

How many letters are there?

The English alphabet has 26 letters in total. We write them in a fixed order, and that order is the same every time. Knowing this order is very useful — for example, when you look up a word in a dictionary or find a name in a list.

Vowels and Consonants

Not all letters are the same. In English, we divide the 26 letters into two groups: vowels and consonants.

The vowels are:
A ,
E ,
I ,
O ,
U .
These are five very important letters because almost every English word contains at least one of them. When you say a vowel, the air flows freely from your mouth — nothing blocks it.

The other 21 letters are consonants. When you say a consonant, your lips, teeth, or tongue stop or change the air in some way. Think of letters like
B ,
D ,
F ,
S — you can feel how your mouth moves!

Uppercase and Lowercase

Every letter in English has two forms: the uppercase (or capital) letter and the lowercase (or small) letter. For example, the letter A can be written as A (uppercase) or a (lowercase). You use uppercase letters at the beginning of a sentence, for names of people and places, and for the word “I”.

How to remember the alphabet

The best trick? Sing it! The ABC song is a classic and it really works. The rhythm helps your brain store the order of the letters. Try singing it once a day for a week — you’ll be surprised how quickly it sticks.

💡 Tip: Say each letter out loud as you read it. Hearing yourself say the letter is one of the most powerful ways to remember it!

The 26 Letters — Uppercase and Lowercase

Uppercase Lowercase Uppercase Lowercase
A a N n
B b O o
C c P p
D d Q q
E e R r
F f S s
G g T t
H h U u
I i V v
J j W w
K k X x
L l Y y
M m Z z

Vowels and Consonants

Group Letters
Vowels (5) A ,
E ,
I ,
O ,
U
Consonants (21) B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z

💬 Examples

  • My name starts with the letter B.
  • The word “apple” begins with the vowel A.
  • Can you spell your surname, please?
  • The letter Z is the last letter of the alphabet.
  • “Elephant” has eight letters.
  • The vowels in the word “music” are U and I.

✏️ Exercise

Part A — Vowels or Consonants?

Look at each letter and write V (vowel) or C (consonant).

  1. M → ?
  2. A → ?
  3. T → ?
  4. I → ?
  5. S → ?
  6. U → ?

Part B — Put the letters in alphabetical order

Rearrange these groups of letters in the correct alphabetical order.

  1. F, A, D, B, C → ?
  2. P, M, R, N, O → ?
  3. Z, W, X, Y, V → ?

Part C — Spell the word

Write out each word letter by letter, separating them with dashes.

Example: cat → C-A-T

  1. dog → ?
  2. sun → ?
  3. book → ?
  4. English → ?
  5. apple → ?

✅ Solutions

Part A

  1. M → C (consonant)
  2. A → V (vowel)
  3. T → C (consonant)
  4. I → V (vowel)
  5. S → C (consonant)
  6. U → V (vowel)

Part B

  1. A, B, C, D, F
  2. M, N, O, P, R
  3. V, W, X, Y, Z

Part C

  1. dog → D-O-G
  2. sun → S-U-N
  3. book → B-O-O-K
  4. English → E-N-G-L-I-S-H
  5. apple → A-P-P-L-E

The Alphabet — Let’s Spell! 🔤

A beginner-friendly lesson on the 26 letters of the English alphabet

🎯 Learning Objectives

By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

✔ Recognise and name all 26 letters of the English alphabet.

✔ Understand the difference between vowels and consonants.

✔ Use the alphabet to spell simple words out loud.

📖 Explanation

The English alphabet is the starting point for everything! Every word you read, write, or say is made of letters. Once you know the alphabet, you can start to spell words, look them up in a dictionary, and understand how English works.

How many letters are there?

The English alphabet has 26 letters in total. We write them in a fixed order, and that order is the same every time. Knowing this order is very useful — for example, when you look up a word in a dictionary or find a name in a list.

Vowels and Consonants

Not all letters are the same. In English, we divide the 26 letters into two groups: vowels and consonants.

The vowels are:
A ,
E ,
I ,
O ,
U .
These are five very important letters because almost every English word contains at least one of them. When you say a vowel, the air flows freely from your mouth — nothing blocks it.

The other 21 letters are consonants. When you say a consonant, your lips, teeth, or tongue stop or change the air in some way. Think of letters like
B ,
D ,
F ,
S — you can feel how your mouth moves!

Uppercase and Lowercase

Every letter in English has two forms: the uppercase (or capital) letter and the lowercase (or small) letter. For example, the letter A can be written as A (uppercase) or a (lowercase). You use uppercase letters at the beginning of a sentence, for names of people and places, and for the word “I”.

How to remember the alphabet

The best trick? Sing it! The ABC song is a classic and it really works. The rhythm helps your brain store the order of the letters. Try singing it once a day for a week — you’ll be surprised how quickly it sticks.

💡 Tip: Say each letter out loud as you read it. Hearing yourself say the letter is one of the most powerful ways to remember it!

The 26 Letters — Uppercase and Lowercase

Uppercase Lowercase Uppercase Lowercase
A a N n
B b O o
C c P p
D d Q q
E e R r
F f S s
G g T t
H h U u
I i V v
J j W w
K k X x
L l Y y
M m Z z

Vowels and Consonants

Group Letters
Vowels (5) A ,
E ,
I ,
O ,
U
Consonants (21) B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z

💬 Examples

  • My name starts with the letter B.
  • The word “apple” begins with the vowel A.
  • Can you spell your surname, please?
  • The letter Z is the last letter of the alphabet.
  • “Elephant” has eight letters.
  • The vowels in the word “music” are U and I.

✏️ Exercise

Part A — Vowels or Consonants?

Look at each letter and write V (vowel) or C (consonant).

  1. M → ?
  2. A → ?
  3. T → ?
  4. I → ?
  5. S → ?
  6. U → ?

Part B — Put the letters in alphabetical order

Rearrange these groups of letters in the correct alphabetical order.

  1. F, A, D, B, C → ?
  2. P, M, R, N, O → ?
  3. Z, W, X, Y, V → ?

Part C — Spell the word

Write out each word letter by letter, separating them with dashes.

Example: cat → C-A-T

  1. dog → ?
  2. sun → ?
  3. book → ?
  4. English → ?
  5. apple → ?

✅ Solutions

Part A

  1. M → C (consonant)
  2. A → V (vowel)
  3. T → C (consonant)
  4. I → V (vowel)
  5. S → C (consonant)
  6. U → V (vowel)

Part B

  1. A, B, C, D, F
  2. M, N, O, P, R
  3. V, W, X, Y, Z

Part C

  1. dog → D-O-G
  2. sun → S-U-N
  3. book → B-O-O-K
  4. English → E-N-G-L-I-S-H
  5. apple → A-P-P-L-E

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